Wine:

Is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients. Wine has a rich history dating back thousands of years, with the earliest known production occurring around 5000 BC in what is now Iran and 6000 BC in Georgia. It first appeared in the Balkans about 4500 BC and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout history. The Greek god Dionysus and the Roman equivalent, Bacchus, represented wine. The drink is also used in Christian Eucharist ceremonies and the Jewish Kiddush.
 

Humidity:

High humidity minimizes evaporation. Wine makers consider humidity over 75% for reds and over 85% for whites to be ideal for wine aging and barrel storage. Humidity in wine caves ranges naturally from 70 to 90%.

 

Temperature:

The wine industry has long considered a constant temperature between 55 °F and 60 °F (13.0 °C and 15.5 °C) to be optimal for wine storage and aging.

 

 

Wine cellar construction:

• The challenge for the design and construction of most wine cellars is to create a fairly wide span in weak rock with low cover. The size of a typical wine barrel storage cellar is 13 to 18 ft. (4 to 5.5 m) wide and 10 to 13 ft. (3 to 4 m) high.

 

 

• Most portals into the wine cellars have rock/soil overburden heights less than 0.2 times their entrance heights and widths. The height of the portal face normally ranges from 12 to 20 ft. (3.5 to 6 m).

 

• The cellars are typically excavated in an inverted horseshoe shape with a crown radius and with straight or curved legs. The tunnels are usually excavated using a tunnel road header or a milling head attachment on an excavator. The spoils behind the road header conveyor belt are dumped on the invert and mucked out using a rubber-tired skid loader or a load-haul-dump mining machine.

 

• Interior finishing of the cellars is an integral part of the construction process. Waterproofing details are important for the interiors of wine cellars. Wet spots and water seeps are unsightly, and can cause maintenance and safety problems. Moisture vapor migration through the cellar liner, however, is desirable to maintain humidity.

 

Wine Bottle:

·    A wine bottle is a bottle used for holding wine, generally made of glass. Some wines are fermented in the bottle, others are bottled only after fermentation.

 

 

• Recently, the bottle has become a standard unit of volume to describe sales in the wine industry, measuring 750 milliliters. However, bottles are produced in a variety of volumes and shapes. Wine bottles are traditionally sealed with cork.

• Dark-coloured bottles are most commonly used for red wines, but many white wines also still come in dark green bottles. The main reason for using coloured or tinted glass is that natural sunlight can break down desirable antioxidants such as vitamin c and tannins in a wine over time, which affects storability and can cause a wine to prematurely oxidize. Dark glass can prevent oxidation and increase storage life. It is therefore mostly ready-to-drink white wines with a short anticipated storage lifespan which are bottled in clear colourless bottles.

 

 

Red Wine:

Is a type of wine made from dark-coloured (black) grape varieties. The actual colour of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.

The juice from most black grapes is greenish-white; the red colour comes from anthocyanin pigments present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice. Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of colour and flavor components from the grape skin.

 

 

Christian and Wine:

·    The Apostolic Fathers make very little reference to wine, but the earliest references from the Church Fathers make it clear that the early church used wine in their celebration of the Eucharist, often mixing it with water according to the prevailing custom. The Didache, an early Christian treatise which is generally accepted to be from the late 1st century, instructs Christians to give a portion of their wine in support of a true prophet or, if they have no prophet resident with them, to the poor.

·    The Bible speaks of wine in general terms as a bringer and concomitant of joy, particularly in the context of nourishment and feasting. Wine was commonly drunk at meals, and the Old Testament prescribed it for use in sacrificial rituals and festal celebrations. The Gospels record that Jesus's first miracle was making copious amounts of wine at the wedding feast at Cana, and when he instituted the ritual of the Eucharist at the Last Supper during a Passover celebration, he says that the wine is a "New Covenant in [his] blood". Alcohol was also used for medicinal purposes in biblical times, and it appears in that context in several passages—as an oral anesthetic, a topical cleanser and soother, and a digestive aid.

 

I decided to design a wine cellar especially of red wine after I got the information about the temperature, the humidity and lighting, mix between the classic and modern, the rock and chrome, I made a small sitting place to enjoying the atmosphere. This is my Wine  Cellar Design